Layered double hydroxides: noble materials for the development of multi-functional nano- hybrids
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چکیده
Layered double hydroxides (LDH), auch als anionische Tonmineralien bekannt, werden seit längerem in der Katalysetechnik und in verschiedenen biologischen und medizinischen Anwendungen eingesetzt. Die Nutzung von LDH als multifunktionelle Nanofüllstoffe ist in den letzten Jahren in der Polymerforschung forciert worden. Dazu trugen die positive Ladung der Hydroxidschichten, die im Gegensatz zu den weit verbreiteten Schichtsilicaten eine anionische Modifizierung erfordert, die chemische Aktivität, die eine Kopplung organischer Moleküle an die anorganische Oberfläche ermöglicht, die hohe einstellbare Ionenaustauschkapazität und die Wasserabspaltung bei höheren Temperaturen besonders bei. Mg-Al-LDH wurden hergestellt, modifiziert und in polymerer Matrix nanoskopisch verteilt. Für unpolare Matrices (z.B. PE) zeigte sich, dass ein Verstärkungseffekt aufgrund des hohen Modifikatorbedarfs nicht erreicht werden konnte, der bei polaren Matrices wie carboxyliertem Nitrilbutadienkautschuk (XNBR) deutlich nachgewiesen werden kann. Gezeigt werden konnte, dass LDH ein effektiver CoFlammhemmer in Polyolefinen mit einer Metallhydroxid-Basisflammhemmung ist.
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